Haemolysis

Haemolysis can be caused by:

1. Mixing additive tubes too vigorously or using rough handling during transport.
2. Drawing blood from a vein that has a hematoma.
3. Pulling back the plunger on a syringe too quickly.
4. Using a needle with too small of a bore for the venipuncture.
5. Using too large a tube when using a small diameter butterfly needle.
6. Frothing of the blood caused by improper fit of the needle on a syringe.
7. Forcing the blood from a syringe into an evacuated tube.
8. Excessive fist clinching.
9. Leaving the tourniquet on for longer than one minute.


Thanks to Kak Asmarani for the information about the phenomena.

Sperm Preparation - Swim Up Technique

This method is used to separate good and bad sperm in the semen where good sperm will swim up to the upper lever of solution surface and bad sperm will remain at the bottom of tube.


1. Prepare 3 tubes; 1 large and 2 small tubes.
2. Add Minimum Essential Medium ( MEM ) into specimen container about 10 ml. Mix  thoroughly.
[ Usually used 10ml pipette to mix medium and semen].
3. Pipette the mixture into large tube.
4. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 2000 rpm.
5. Remove supernatant, leave only palette.
6. Smach, shake until palette not stick at bottom of tube.
7. Pipette about 0.4ml GIVF solution into first small tube.
8. Pipette palette by using pasteur glass tube to the lower layer of GIVF solution.
Do not let it mix with solution [let it be gel-like paste at bottom of solution]. Leave for 30 minutes by
slanting position.
9. Pipette the top layer of solution carefully and move to another small tube (second small tube).
10. Mix the solution in the small tube.
11. Pipette a drop of solution from the small tube into counting chamber and glass slide.
Observed under microscope.